Hydrodynamics of the phreatic aquifer of the northern dune chain of the Villarino district, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59069/24225703e009Keywords:
groundwater, dune chain, hydraulicsAbstract
In the northern portion of the Villarino district, in the southwest of the province of Buenos Aires, there is a continental dune chain. These sandy accumulations host a phreatic aquifer with waters of good physical and chemical quality, which is the main source of water supply for the populations of the area. The present work aims to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of this aquifer, drawing a piezometric and iso-thickness map of the unsaturated zone using specific software. With these maps we were able to identify the phreatic morphology, the direction of groundwater flow and its velocity, in addition to calculating the hydraulic gradients. As a result, it was possible to determine that the groundwater flow direction in the area broadly follows the slope of the terrain, with the highest piezometric levels tending to be located in the southeastern portion of the dune chain, while the lowest piezometric levels are located in the northwestern portion. The average hydraulic gradient is around 3 ‰, while the effective groundwater velocity averages 0,26 m/d. The greatest thicknesses of the unsaturated zone are recorded in the southeast of the chain, coinciding with the highest topographic elevations. In 90% of the area considered, it does not exceed 8 m. Knowledge of the phreatimetry and hydrodynamics of an aquifer provides fundamental information for understanding its functioning, which is necessary for the rational and sustainable management of water resources.
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